Saturday 19 April 2014

What factors led to the decline of town or city centre cinemas in the late 70's and early 80's?

What factors led to the decline of town or city centre cinemas in the late 70's and early 80's?

The main reason that the attendance of town or city cinemas declined in the late 70's and early 80's is because of blockbusters and multiplexes bought over by the American film industry. After the recession, the English film companies didn't have enough money to spend on renovating the fleapits, or making the films.

Production
S: Arguably the first blockbuster, The Godfather, didn't use special effects to catch people's attention, it used an amazing storyline and famous A-list actors, which drew people to see it. This shows that films were thought through to sell, instead of just using explosions and special effects.
E: Jaws was an event movie because of all the hype it received, which meant it made a lot of money and an estimated $252 million dollar profit. The American film industry saw this as a success and based future blockbusters on this as they would definitely make a lot of money.
T: People wanted to see a spectacle, so films such as Star Wars, which offered laser guns and lightsabers, were a large hit. However, the British film industry didn't have a lot of money so they couldn't afford special effects, which means that people were going to multiplexes and not fleapits, causing the fleapits to lose money.

Distribution
S: The American film industry not only made blockbusters and multiplexes, but they also made merchandise, which created hype and encouraged people to watch the films. Examples of this are Star Wars and ET, with Star Wars toys and clothes still being sold today. Also, the introduction of VHS meant that people could watch a film with their friends and family without paying as much as they would in the cinema.
E: TVs were another reason that cinema attendance fell in the late 70's and early 80's was because of television. Instead of going out to see films, people could stay indoors and watch TV shows and see the film when it was released onto TVs a few months later.
T: In the early 80's video tapes meant that people could record films when they saw the in the cinema and pirate them. This killed the film industry, with ET being the most pirated film in 1982.

Exhibition
S: It was mainly teenagers who went to the cinema in this time frame as they could afford it with their disposable income, and therefore going to the cinema was a social event. Teenagers would not go to town or city cinemas as they were rundown, therefore they would go to multiplexes, which also housed arcade games and fast food restaurants.
E: As the American film industry wanted to make money, they would not distribute their films to English cinemas as it was not cost effective, therefore the only cinemas that showed the films people wanted to see were multiplexes, which meant that English cinemas were not making money.
T: Another reason the American film industry did not distribute films to fleapits was because films were shown using expensive reels of film, rather than electronically, which meant that someone had to deliver them in a van to cinemas all over England.

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